近岸海域波浪场中污染物运动的实验研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

唐军  邹志利  沈永明  邱大洪 《海洋学报》2004,26(1):105-112

通过实验模拟,研究了缓坡海岸带(坡度为1:100和1:40)波浪场中污染物的运动.给出了污染物在波浪破碎区和非破碎区运动范围的变化,讨论了在规则波和非规则波作用下波浪破碎区和非破碎区污染物运动的宏观变化趋势.  相似文献   

A Study on Impervious and Heat-Insulating Performance of Geomembrane Composites Within Breakwater     

Tao Tongkang  Yu Long  Yan Jun Dong Zhiyong Prof.  Senior Engineer  Hydraulic Engineering Department  Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute  Nanjing Graduate Student  Hydraulic Engineering Department  Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute  Nanjing Engineer  Hydraulic Engineering Department  Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute  Nanjing Associate Professor  Hydraulic Engineering Department  Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute  Nanjing 《中国海洋工程》1997,(2)

This paper investigates the performance of geomembrane composites used as impervious andheat-insulating lining within a breakwater for a power station.The seepage field,distribution ofstress-strain contour and seepage discharge of hot water which has been treated as the inner thermalsource in the calculation of heat-insulation,have been given by three-dimensional calculation method coup-ling seepage with stress.The results indicate that the impervious and heat-insulation effect ofgeomembrane composites is significant.  相似文献   

High-Order Models of Nonlinear and Dispersive Wave in Water of Varying Depth with Arbitrary Sloping Bottom   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Hong Guangwen Professor  Coastal  Ocean Engineering Research Institute  Hohai University  Nanjing  P. R. China. 《中国海洋工程》1997,(3)

High-order models with a dissipative term for nonlinear and dispersive wave in water of va-rying depth with an arbitrary sloping bottom are presented in this article.First,the formal derivations toany high order of μ(=h/λ,depth to deep-water wave length ratio)and ε(=α/h,wave amplitude todepth ratio)for velocity potential,particle velocity vector,pressure and the Boussinesq-type equations forsurface elevation η and horizontal velocity vector U at any given level in water are given.Then,the exactexplicit expressions to the fourth order of μ are derived.Finally,the linear solutions of η,U,C(phase ce-lerity)and C_g(group velocity)for a constant water depth are obtained.Compared with the Airy theory,excellent results can be found even for a water depth as large as the wave legnth.The present high-ordermodels are applicable to nonlinear regular and irregular waves in water of any varying depth(from shal-low to deep)and bottom slope(from mild to steep).  相似文献   

Wave interaction with ‘’-type breakwaters     

S. Neelamani  R. Rajendran 《Ocean Engineering》2002,29(5):561-589

The wave transmission, reflection and energy dissipation characteristics of ‘’-type breakwaters were studied using physical models. Regular and random waves in a wide range of wave heights and periods and a constant water depth were used. Five different depths of immersion (two emerged, one surface flushing and two submerged conditions) of this breakwater were selected. The coefficient of transmission, K_t, and coefficient of reflection, K_r, were obtained from the measurements, and the coefficient of energy loss, K_l was calculated using the law of balance of energy. It was found that the wave transmission is significantly reduced with increased relative water depth, d/L, whether the vertical barrier of the breakwater is surface piercing or submerged, where ‘d’ is the water depth and ‘L’ is the wave length. The wave reflection decreases and energy loss increases with increased wave steepness, especially when the top tip of the vertical barrier of this breakwater is kept at still water level (SWL). For any incident wave climate (moderate or storm waves), the wave transmission consistently decreases and the reflection increases with increased relative depth of immersion, Δ/d from −0.142 to 0.142. K_t values less than 0.3 can be easily obtained for the case of Δ/d=+0.071 and 0.142, where Δ is the height of exposure (+ve) or depth of immersion (−ve) of the top tip of the vertical barrier. This breakwater is capable of dissipating wave energy to an extent of 50–80%. The overall performance of this breakwater was found to be better in the random wave fields than in the regular waves. A comparison of the hydrodynamic performance of ‘’-type and ‘T’-type shows that ‘T’-type breakwater is better than ‘’-type by about 20–30% under identical conditions.  相似文献   

地下开采对电厂烟囱的影响预测分析     

王伟  姜岩  丁建全 《测绘信息与工程》2006,31(6):34-35

结合具体工程项目,分析了各种因素对大型高耸烟囱的影响,介绍了烟囱允许倾斜值的理论和经验计算方法,为评价和预测烟囱的稳定性提供了理论依据和实用的计算方法。  相似文献   

Comparison of new large and small scale overtopping tests for rubble mound breakwaters     

T. Lykke Andersen  H.F Burcharth  X. Gironella 《Coastal Engineering》2011

Many breakwaters are, due to functional requirements, designed for small wave overtopping discharges. From the EC-research projects OPTICREST and CLASH it is known that overtopping discharges determined from conventional Froude scale models of rubble mound breakwaters are smaller than measured in corresponding prototypes. The present study examines this scale effect by comparing overtopping discharges in small scale and large scale tests. The length scale ratio between the models was 5.7.  相似文献   

黄土坡面细沟侵蚀过程的REE示踪   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

李勉  李占斌  丁文峰  刘普灵 《地理学报》2002,57(2):218-223

利用REE示踪技术探讨了坡面细沟侵蚀的发育过程。试验结果表明：在细沟发育过程中，各坡段细沟侵蚀量呈动态变化趋势；细沟发育过程可以分为起始、发展、稳定3个阶段，在不同阶段，侵蚀方式、发育特征迥异。总的看来，在坡顶部、上部、中部、下部4个坡段上，细沟发育过程中，坡面下部的侵蚀量较大。但随着放水流量的增加，坡面上部侵蚀量的比重增加。由于溯源侵蚀，最下部坡段的相对侵蚀量从92％减少到37％，呈显著下降趋势，其它3个坡段则分别从4．7％、0．25％、2．14％增加到29％、17％和23％。试验结果还表明，REE示踪法不仅可定量测定不同坡位的侵蚀量，还可以揭示冲刷过程中各坡位相对侵蚀量的变化趋势。  相似文献   

三峡库区坡地物质的地球化学特征--以三峡草堂河流域为例     

陈可锋杨达源  姜洪涛周彬徐永辉  刘庆友董杰 《华东地质学院学报》2004,27(2):141-146

三峡水库建成后,三峡坡地物质成为三峡水库泥沙主要来源之一,三峡坡地物质的地球化学特征的研究对于三峡坡地水土保持与管理利用具有重要的意义。通过分析各坡度段物质的常量元素全量、磁化率特征以及粘土矿物种类等地球化学的特征,定性地说明了各坡度段从缓坡一斜坡一陡坡段风化作用强度依次减弱,相应的坡面侵蚀作用逐渐增强。而在相同坡度段,表层与一定深度物质的地球化学特征值变化不大,这说明土壤年轻化,成土作用比较弱。  相似文献   

The runoff characteristics under simulated rainfall on purple soil sloping cropland     

Pei Xu  Bin Fu 《中国地球化学学报》2011,30(3):317-322

Rainfall runoff is a critical hydrological process related to soil erosion and agricultural non-point pollu-tion. In this study, 25 simulation experiments on rainfall were carried out in five runoff plots. Rape (Brassica campestris) was planted on the downslope of the plots. Experiments were conducted when the vegetation coverage reached 80%. Each plot was subjected to five rainfall events differing in intensity. The results showed: (1) the runoff coefficients of overland flow and subsurface flow were less than 0.6 and 0.005, respectively; (2) the discharge of overland flow was the quadratic function of time; (3) runoff coefficient was the function of slope gradient and rain-fall intensity. When the slope gradient increased from 8.7% to 46.6%, the runoff coefficient of overland flow first increased and then decreased. The runoff coefficient reached the maximum when the slope gradient was within the range of 17.6%-36.4%; and (4) the process of subsurface flow generation included the increasing phase and reces-sion phase. Discharge was a logarithm function of time in the increasing phase, and an exponential function in the recession phase. Runoff coefficient of subsurface flow decreased first and then increased when the slope gradient varied from 8.7% to 46.6% and was not correlated with rainfall intensity.  相似文献   

Artificial Marine Micro‐Reserves Networks (AMMRNs): an innovative approach to conserve marine littoral biodiversity and protect endangered species          下载免费PDF全文

José C. García‐Gómez  José M. Guerra‐García  Free Espinosa  Manuel J. Maestre  Georgina Rivera‐Ingraham  Darren Fa  Alexander R. González  Aurora Ruiz‐Tabares  Carlos M. López‐Fé 《Marine Ecology》2015,36(3):259-277

Coastal engineering works, especially the outer breakwaters of ports where environmental conditions are usually good, often constitute new habitats for marine littoral species. Their potential indirect contribution to the regeneration and conservation of protected species opens up a new perspective in protection of marine biodiversity. This is particularly true when these works harbour, as we show here, important reproductive populations of species that are threatened or even in danger of extinction. We provide integrated data on protected marine species in Southern Iberia established on different substrata (quarried dolomitic rocks, concrete cubic blocks, concrete tetrapods and vertical concrete walls) that are used in the construction of artificial levees that could potentially be Artificial Marine Micro‐Reserves (AMMRs). We also present the first evidence of the ‘reserve effect’ in potential AMMRs and we discuss the need for the creation of AMMRs including their effective networking (AMMRNs), supporting data for which has been observed by studying coastal facilities subjected to strict access restrictions (for security reasons, not conservation). These facilities have acted as valuable proxies and, in reality, potentially act as AMMRs, as well as having a role in helping to detect and control invasive species. We discuss the ecological engineering aspects related to the design and type of materials used in coastal constructions with a view to aiding the integration of these into existing coastal ecosystems as well as promoting greater settlement of species and therefore increases in biodiversity. Finally, the environmental implications of AMMRNs within the future implementation strategy of the Water Framework Directive 2000/60 EC are also discussed.  相似文献